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Annulment of marriage in Maine

Annulment of marriage in Maine

Annulment of Marriage in Maine – Everything You Need to Know

Marriages are often referred to as a ‘happily ever after,’ but sometimes things don’t go as planned. In Maine, couples can opt for an annulment if their marriage is deemed invalid or illegal. In this article, we will discuss the annulment of marriage in Maine, including when it’s applicable, the requirements, and the legal process.

What is Annulment of Marriage in Maine?

Annulment is a legal procedure for declaring a marriage null and void. Unlike a divorce, which dissolves an existing marriage, an annulment declares the marriage null from the beginning. The main difference between a divorce and an annulment is that a divorce recognizes the marriage existed while an annulment erases it entirely.

When is Annulment Applicable in Maine?

Annulment is applicable in Maine when one of the following conditions are met:

1. Incestuous Marriages – If the partners are more closely related than first cousins, the marriage is illegal, and annulment is possible.

2. Bigamy – If one partner was already married to someone else during the marriage, the marriage is considered illegal, and it can be annulled.

3. Fraud – If one of the partners entered into the marriage by fraud or deceit, such as hiding the fact that they were already married or concealing a drug or gambling addiction, the marriage is considered invalid and can be annulled.

4. Duress – If one of the partners was forced or coerced into the marriage, and the other party was aware of this, the marriage is considered illegal, and an annulment can be sought.

What are the Legal Requirements for Annulment in Maine?

To seek an annulment in Maine, you must satisfy the following legal requirements:

1. Proof of Marriage – The petitioner must provide proof that they were legally married.

2. Residency – One of the spouses must be a resident of Maine and has been living in the state for at least six months before filing the petition.

3. Time Limit – In Maine, the petition for annulment must be filed within six years of the marriage or before either partner passes away.

4. Filing Forms – You will need to fill out forms, including a Petition for Annulment, Statement of Particulars, and Summons and Complaint.

What is the Legal Process for Annulment in Maine?

The process for annulment in Maine involves filing a petition in the county of residence for any of the parties involved. You will need to fill out the necessary forms and submit them to the court.

After submitting the petition, the next step involves a hearing where both parties present their case. The judge will then decide whether to grant or deny the annulment based on the evidence presented and circumstances of the marriage.

Final Thoughts

Annulment may not be as common as divorce, but it provides a way for those who have been in an invalid or illegal marriage to end it legally. However, annulment procedures can be complex, and it’s essential to have legal guidance throughout the process. If you are considering an annulment in Maine, we recommend seeking the advice of a qualified attorney.


What is an Annulment of Marriage?

An annulment of marriage is a formal means of terminating a union. Annulments are different from separations or divorces; annulments nullify the marriage to treat the formation as though it never existed. An annulment views the marriage as non-existent; the presiding court will declare the marriage to have never taken place in the first place. Annulments are typically desired for religious couples who view divorce as sin or for those couples who got married in haste.

To secure an annulment of marriage, the individual seeking the action must maintain sufficient grounds for an annulment. Grounds for annulments of marriage vary by state, but typically involve one spouse’s lack of capacity for marriage or some sort of fraud at the time of the marriage.

Can I Get an Annulment of Marriage in ME?

As in many other states, married parties in Maine can assume an annulment through the filing of a Complaint for Annulment at their local probate and family court. As stated above, an annulment of marriage in Maine is a legal decree to nullify the validity of a marriage. Annulments of marriage in Maine must be legally petitioned for, and as a general rule, are difficult to prove and have adjudicated. To file for annulments of marriage in Maine, a spouse must claim one of the following grounds:

Annulment of Marriage in ME : Fraud: To secure an annulment of marriage in Maine, a spouse may claim fraud. Annulments of marriage in Maine will be granted under this ground if it can be proven that one of the spouses misrepresented him or herself to obtain consent for marriage.

Annulment of Marriage in ME : Mental Incapacitation: According to annulments of marriage in Maine law, a spouse may be entitled to an annulment if the other spouse is deemed mentally incapacitated by the court.

Annulment of Marriage in ME : Underage Marriages: A spouse may secure an annulment of marriage in Maine if it is proven, that at the time of the marriage, one of the spouses was below the age of majority.

Annulment of Marriage in ME : Impotency: A spouse may secure an annulment of marriage in Maine if it is proven, that at the time of the marriage, one of the spouses was impotent

Annulment of Marriage in ME : Consanguinity: Spouses may secure annulments of marriage if they engage in a wedding to a close relative. Maine annulment laws deem a marital relationship as any that is made between full-blooded or half-blooded relatives. I.e. marriages with natural parents, children, grandchildren, grandparents, uncles, aunts, nieces, stepparents, stepchildren, adoptive parents, brothers, half brothers, sisters, half-sisters and/or nephews.

Annulments of marriage in Maine are governed by Maine General Laws Chapter 207, Section 14; this statute allows either party to file an action for an annulment of marriage in Maine. Moreover, this statute also allows one of the parties to institute an action for affirming the marriage.

It must be stated: courts in Maine rarely grant annulments of marriage in Maine, unless the petitioner (individual filing for an annulment of marriage in Maine) can clearly demonstrate that the marriage is fraudulent or invalid. An annulment of marriage in Maine is not the same as a divorce. With a divorce filing, one or both spouses petition the probate and family court to terminate their valid marriage. Whereas with an annulment of marriage in Maine, one or both of the parties must seek to prove that their marriage was never valid or that the marriage should be voided because it is not legally recognizable. A voidable marriage is deemed binding and legal if the parties opt to remain married.

In either of the aforementioned instances, if the petition for an annulment of marriage in ME is successful, the party will literally undo their marriage by treating their union as non-existent. With a void marriage, the parties do not need to petition the state court, because—by definition of marriage law—they were never legally married.

Marriage Certificate Mississippi

Marriage Certificate Mississippi

Understanding of Marriage License Maine: A Guide to Obtaining and Understanding Marriage Records

Getting married is a momentous occasion that marks the beginning of a new life for two individuals. The union brings with it a plethora of legal changes that affect the status of a person’s identity, property, and even taxes. These changes are recorded and required for legal purposes. One such document is the marriage license, which is a crucial record that signifies the legality of a marriage. Therefore, keeping the safe and obtaining additional copies is essential. In this article, we will discuss everything you need to know about the of a marriage license in Maine.

What is a Marriage License?

Before we delve into the process of obtaining the of a marriage license, let us understand what a marriage license is. A marriage license is a legal document that authorizes two people to get married. In other words, it is an official document issued by the government that permits a couple to legally wed. This document serves as proof of nuptials, which is needed when a couple applies for social security benefits, alimony, or seeks a legal divorce.

A marriage license contains critical information about the couple, including their full names, the date and location of the wedding, and the name of the officiant. It is signed by the couple, the officiant, and two witnesses to the ceremony. A certified of the marriage license is usually required to receive legal benefits and recognition of marriage.

How to Obtain a of a Marriage License in Maine?

Obtaining a of a marriage license in Maine is a relatively simple process. The following steps will guide you through the process:

Step 1: Identify the location of the court that issued your marriage license.

Maine has several courthouses in different counties, and you must identify the court where your marriage was recorded. You can find the relevant court by contacting the Maine Vital Records Office or browsing its online portal.

Step 2: Determine the requirements for obtaining a of your marriage license.

Different courts in Maine may have varying requirements for obtaining copies of marriage licenses. It is essential to check the court’s website or call the office to verify the documents needed, the processing fee, and the method of payment. Common requirements include a valid photo ID, proof of relation, and payment method.

Step 3: Place an order for a of your marriage license.

You can usually order a of your marriage license online via the court’s website, through email, or by mail. It is advisable to request a certified , which means the document has been authenticated, and its legal value is notarized. Some courts may require you to make an appointment and pick up the in person.

Step 4: Wait for the processing time.

The processing time for obtaining a of a marriage license in Maine varies depending on the court and the shipping method you choose. It usually takes between five to ten business days, excluding holidays and weekends. If you need the document urgently, some courts may issue an expedited list, but an additional fee will be charged.

What is the Cost of Obtaining a of Marriage License in Maine?

The fees for obtaining a of a marriage license in Maine are minimal. The standard cost for a certified of a marriage license is $15, payable by cash, check, or money order. Payments made by credit card or online transfer are also subject to additional fees.

It is worth noting that the fees for a marriage license may differ depending on the location and date of the wedding. Before applying for a , ensure that you are aware of the specific charges that you must pay for the document.

Why Do You Need a of Marriage License in Maine?

A of a marriage license in Maine serves several essential purposes. The following are some of the reasons why you may need to obtain a of your marriage license:

1. Legal Proof of Marriage: A certified of a marriage license is required for legal purposes such as applying for social security benefits, claiming inheritance, and obtaining a divorce. The document verifies the nuptials and the legal union of two individuals.

2. Identity Verification: A of a marriage license also establishes the married name of a person, which is required when applying for a driver’s license, passport, or any other legal identification documents.

3. Genealogical Research: Marriage licenses provide a wealth of valuable information for genealogical research. It includes the full names of the married individuals, the date and location of the ceremony, and the name of the officiant.

4. Family History Record Keeping: A of a marriage license is an essential document that should be kept as part of a family’s historical records. It provides future generations with evidence of their ancestry and helps to maintain the family’s genealogical record.

Updated Information and Resources for Obtaining a of Marriage License in Maine

The State of Maine provides a comprehensive online portal that provides individuals with all the necessary information and resources for obtaining a of a marriage license. The Maine Vital Records Office maintains all marriage records dating back to 1892. You can request copies of marriage licenses via the online portal, in-person, by mail, or through email. The website provides a list of the court locations, fees, and processing information needed to make a request.

Another resource for obtaining copies of marriage licenses in Maine is the Maine Historical Society. The Society holds records of marriage licenses issued before 1923. They offer genealogical research services to the public and maintain copies of various vital records, including marriage licenses.

Conclusion

In conclusion, obtaining a of a marriage license in Maine is a relatively straightforward process that requires a few easy steps. The of the marriage license is essential for legal purposes such as applying for social security benefits, establishing identity, and obtaining a divorce, among others. It also plays a crucial role in genealogical research and the maintenance of family records. By following the steps outlined in this article and the resources provided by the State of Maine, obtaining a of a marriage license should be a smooth and stress-free process.


Marriage Certificates in Mississippi

In order to validate a marriage certificate in Mississippi, two prospective spouses must follow a number of steps and make sure the marriage is valid under law.  This article will discuss steps two people should take to finalize their marriage certificate in Mississippi after obtaining a marriage license, but qualifying factors to legally marry need explained beforehand.

Marriage Requirements in Mississippi

In order to receive marriage certificates in Mississippi, two future spouses cannot meet any of the categories listed below:

1. incurable impotency

2. adjudicated mental illness or incompetence of either or both parties (a guardian or friend may file suit within six months after marriage in such a case)

3. when either party is incapable of consenting to any marriage because of incapacity or age

4. the marriage was formed with force or fraud

5. pregnancy of the wife by another person if the husband did not know of the pregnancy

6. a son cannot marry his grandmother, mother, stepmother, his legally adopted daughter, or his granddaughter, as well as a first cousin by blood

7. a father cannot marry his son’s widow, his wife’s daughter, his granddaughter, his daughter-in-law, or his niece (all of these conditions apply for females in the same degrees)

8. between the same gender

9. either party is under the age of 17 unless approved by each of the parties’ parents or legal guardians

Step 2 Solemnization Requirements for Marriage Certificates in Mississippi

If couples have qualified for a marriage certificate in Mississippi, they will receive a copy of the marriage license along with a blank return for the person who has solemnized the marriage.  In order for a couple to legally receive a marriage certificate in Mississippi , the marriage must be solemnized according to Code 93-1-17 By whom marriages may be solemnized.

The code provides that only the following qualified individuals can solemnize a marriage and validate a marriage certificate in Mississippi:

• any minister of the gospel ordained according to the rules of the church or society

• any Rabbi or other spiritual leader or any other religious body

• judge of the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, circuit court, chancery court or county court

• a mayor prior to March 14, 1994 unless invalidated by a local jurisdiction

Step 3 Return Signed Marriage Certificates in Mississippi to the Circuit Clerk

Marriage certificates in Mississippi must be signed by the person who legally solemnized the marriage and returned to the circuit clerk as soon as possible.  After the clerk has received the validated and complete marriage certificate in Mississippi, they and the circuit court will be the full custodian of records relating to the marriage.

According to section 93-1-23, the clerk of the circuit court in each county “shall be the legal custodian of the records and papers relating to marriage licenses and certificates of marriage formerly kept by the clerk of the probate court.”  Marriage certificates in Mississippi and marriage license copies can be obtained from the circuit clerk.

Foreign-Born Asians Most Likely to Marry

Foreign-Born Asians Most Likely to Marry

Foreign-Born Asians Most Likely to Marry: A Comprehensive Look at the Statistics and Trends

Marriage is a universal symbol of love, commitment, and companionship. Across cultures, getting married is one of the most significant milestones in a person’s life. While the decision to get married may differ from person to person, there are some interesting and noteworthy trends emerging when it comes to marriages involving foreign-born Asians. In this article, we will explore the latest statistics and trends on the subject and delve deeper into the reasons behind them.

Overview of Marriages Involving Foreign-Born Asians

The term ‘foreign-born’ refers to individuals who were born outside of their residing country, and the term ‘Asians’ typically comprises individuals from East and Southeast Asia, namely China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia. Foreign-born Asians are experiencing a surge in popularity within the marriage market, both in the Asian immigrant community and among non-Asian Americans. According to a recent report by the National Asian American Survey, 46% of Asian Americans are married, compared to only 29% of the general U.S. population.

One of the most striking findings in the survey was that foreign-born Asians were more likely to be married than U.S.-born Asians. The report revealed that 59% of foreign-born Asians are married, versus 49% of U.S.-born Asians. The report also found that a higher percentage of foreign-born Asians were also likely to be in a relationship, with 78% having a significant other compared to only 62% of U.S.-born Asians.

Why are Foreign-Born Asians More Likely to Marry?

There are several reasons why foreign-born Asians may be more likely to marry than U.S.-born Asians. The following are some of the most prominent factors that have contributed to this trend:

1. Cultural Differences

There are significant differences in dating, marriage, and relationship practices between Asian and Western cultures. In Asian cultures, the emphasis is on family and community values, and traditional gender roles are reinforced. In contrast, Western cultures emphasize individualism and personal preferences. Foreign-born Asians who have retained their cultural practices may prefer to marry someone from a similar background with the same values, resulting in higher marriage rates.

2. Education and Income

Foreign-born Asians are more likely to have higher levels of education and income compared to their U.S.-born counterparts. As a result, they may have a greater pool of desirable partners to choose from, leading to higher marriage rates.

3. Immigration Status

Being foreign-born may also play a role in one’s decision to get married. For some, marriage may be a way to gain permanent residence in the U.S. or citizenship. Some may also prefer to marry someone from their home country or another Asian country to have a more stable and familiar familial and social environment.

Trends in Interracial Marriages Involving Foreign-Born Asians

As societies around the world become increasingly multicultural, interracial marriages are becoming more common. In the U.S., about 1 in 6 couples are in an interracial marriage, a significant increase from just 3% in 1967. Here are some of the most notable trends when it comes to interracial marriages involving foreign-born Asians:

1. Foreign-Born Asians are More Likely to Marry Outside of Their Race

The National Asian American Survey found that foreign-born Asians were more likely to marry someone from a different race than their U.S.-born counterparts. The report showed that 36% of foreign-born Asians are married to someone outside of their race, compared to only 17% of U.S.-born Asians.

2. More Asian Women are Marrying Outside of Their Race

Of all the racial groups in the U.S., Asian women are the most likely to marry outside of their race. According to data from the Pew Research Center, 36% of Asian women who got married in 2015 married someone who was not Asian, compared to 17% of Asian men. The Center also noted that Asian women were more likely to marry non-Asian men who were higher-educated and wealthier than themselves.

3. White Men are the Most Common Spouses of Asian Women

Among all the non-Asian spouses of Asian women, white men are the most common. Pew Research Center data revealed that 29% of Asian women who got married in 2015 had a white spouse, followed by 17% who married a Hispanic man, 16% who married an Asian man, and 12% who married a black man.

4. Asian Men are the Least Likely to Marry Outside of Their Race

Of all the racial groups in the U.S., Asian men are the least likely to marry outside of their race. According to data from the Pew Research Center, only 8% of Asian men who got married in 2015 married someone who was not Asian, compared to 36% of Asian women.

Conclusion

Marriage continues to be an essential part of life for Asians, and the desire to get married hasn’t diminished, even among those who have moved to the U.S. In some ways, foreign-born Asians are leading the way in terms of marriage trends, and there are several reasons behind them, including cultural values, education and income, and immigration status.

The rise in interracial marriages involving foreign-born Asians also highlights the growing multiculturalism of American society. While the trend of foreign-born Asians marrying outside of their race is still more prevalent among women, the statistics show that Asians’ desire for their cultural values hasn’t, by any means, hindered their chances of finding true love outside of their race.

As the number of foreign-born Asians in the U.S. continues to grow, so too will the innovation in the marriage arena, and the data that accompanies it. It wouldn’t come as a surprise if the trend lines continue to rise in favor of foreign-born Asians and their unique interpretations of marriage in the U.S.


On October 16, 2012, the Census Bureau announced that foreign-born Asian Americans are the most likely to marry than any other foreign-born or native-born, self-identified group in the United States.  Foreign-born Asian Americans are the most likely to live in multigenerational households as well.

The findings were released in the 2011 American Community Survey that was just recently released by the Census Bureau.

According to the Survey, about 65.8 percent of foreign-born Asian Americans are married.  About 58.3 percent of all other foreign-born Americans are married, and 46.5 percent native-born Americans are married.  Additionally, about 9.4 percent of foreign-born Asian Americans live in a multigenerational home (with three or more generations), while only 4.9 percent of native-born Americans live in a multigenerational household.  U.S. citizens born in the Philippines or Vietnam have the most multigenerational households.

According to the Census Bureau, about 13 percent of all 311.6 million Americans were born outside of the United States.  Foreign-born Asian Americans accounted for one-fourth of U.S. citizens born out of the country.  About 11.6 million Asian Americans were born outside of the United States.

The following statistics were also released by the 2011 American Community Survey:

•    about 2.2 million foreign-born citizens are from China; about 1.9 million are from India; about 1.8 million are from the Philippines; about 1.3 million are from Vietnam; and about 1.1 million are from Korea
•    about 83 percent the Asian-born population who are 25 years of age or older have a high school diploma, and about 48 percent have a bachelor’s degree or higher
•    foreign-born Asians are the most likely to become naturalized citizens (about 58 percent)
•    the states with more than half of the foreign-born population from Asia include California (about 3.7 million), New York (about 1.2 million), Texas (about 778,000), and New Jersey (about 593,000)

Source: https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/american_community_survey_acs/cb12-198.html

Foreign-Born Asians Most Likely to Marry

On October 16, 2012, the Census Bureau announced that foreign-born Asian Americans are the most likely to marry than any other foreign-born or native-born, self-identified group in the United States.  Foreign-born Asian Americans are the most likely to live in multigenerational households as well.

The findings were released in the 2011 American Community Survey that was just recently released by the Census Bureau.

According to the Survey, about 65.8 percent of foreign-born Asian Americans are married.  About 58.3 percent of all other foreign-born Americans are married, and 46.5 percent native-born Americans are married.  Additionally, about 9.4 percent of foreign-born Asian Americans live in a multigenerational home (with three or more generations), while only 4.9 percent of native-born Americans live in a multigenerational household.  U.S. citizens born in the Philippines or Vietnam have the most multigenerational households.

According to the Census Bureau, about 13 percent of all 311.6 million Americans were born outside of the United States.  Foreign-born Asian Americans accounted for one-fourth of U.S. citizens born out of the country.  About 11.6 million Asian Americans were born outside of the United States.

The following statistics were also released by the 2011 American Community Survey:

about 2.2 million foreign-born citizens are from China; about 1.9 million are from India; about 1.8 million are from the Philippines; about 1.3 million are from Vietnam; and about 1.1 million are from Korea

– about 83 percent the Asia-born population who are 25 years of age or older have a high school diploma, and about 48 percent have a bachelor’s degree or higher

-foreign-born Asians are the most likely to become naturalized citizens (about 58 percent)

-the states with more than half of the foreign-born population from Asia include California (about 3.7 million), New York (about 1.2 million), Texas (about 778,000), and New Jersey (about 593,000)

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Annulment of Marriage in Ohio

Annulment of Marriage in Ohio

Annulment of Marriage in Ohio – A Comprehensive Guide

In Ohio, couples who have been married and want to end their marriage must usually file for a divorce. However, there is also the option of an annulment of marriage. An annulment can differ from a divorce in that it erases the marriage and declares it null and void from the start. In this article, we will explore the concept of an annulment of marriage in Ohio, including when it can be sought, requirements, and the legal process.

What is Annulment of Marriage in Ohio?

An annulment of marriage is a legal process in Ohio that erases the existence of a marriage, making it null and void. While a divorce ends an existing marriage, an annulment is a legal declaration that the marriage never existed. This can be an attractive option when one or both spouses want to avoid the legal and financial obligations that come with a divorce.

When Can Couples Seek an Annulment of Marriage in Ohio?

An annulment of marriage in Ohio applies if one of these conditions is met:

1. Fraud – If one spouse can prove that the marriage took place due to fraud or deceit, they may request an annulment.

2. Incestuous Marriage – If two people who are considered closely related (such as siblings, half-siblings, or certain cousins) get married, the marriage can be annulled.

3. Bigamy – If one of the spouses was already married or in a legally binding relationship at the time of the marriage, the marriage is illegal and voidable.

4. Lack of Capacity – If one of the spouses was under the influence of drugs or alcohol or was mentally incapable of making decisions at the time of the marriage, the marriage may be annulled.

What are the Legal Requirements for an Annulment of Marriage in Ohio?

To begin the annulment process in Ohio, a petitioner must meet the following requirements:

1. Residency – At least one of the parties involved must live, work or have a place of business in the state of Ohio for at least 90 days before filing for annulment.

2. Time Limit – Within two years from the date of marriage, parties must file for annulment as soon as they become aware of grounds for an annulment.

3. Forms and Petition – Before filing a petition for annulment in Ohio, both parties must complete and file an affidavit, verifying that they have been a resident for at least 90 days and that all information contained therein is true. Additionally, the petitioner must file a petition outlining the grounds for the annulment in the county where either party resides.

What is the Legal Process for an Annulment of Marriage in Ohio?

Once you’ve filed an annulment petition in court, you will need to attend a hearing. During the hearing, both spouses have the opportunity to provide evidence and testify regarding the grounds for the annulment. The judge will also consider any other circumstances that could impact their decision.

If the judge grants the annulment, they will issue a judgment that declares the marriage null and void. The parties involved will be free to remarry or live life as if they were never married.

Final Thoughts

An annulment of marriage in Ohio is a legal process that should never be taken lightly. Whether you’re looking to annul your marriage or contest an annulment request, it’s important to have a knowledgeable attorney by your side to guide you through the process. With the right legal assistance, you can make an educated decision about the best path forward and take the necessary steps to move on.


Code and Procedure for Ohio Annulments 

Annulments of Marriages in Ohio

If either spouse is seeking an annulment of marriage in Ohio—or the parent of the spouse—any action must be commenced in two years.  Code 3105.32 specifies how the two year windows are determine in certain cases.  If were 16 when you enter into the invalid marriage, the annulment of marriage in Ohio must be completed before you’re 18 years old.

In this article, you will find information concerning grounds for annulments of marriage in Ohio and general information about the annulment process.  For more information, regard recommended articles on this website or talk with a family law attorney.

Grounds for Annulments in Ohio

The following list contains each ground for an annulment of marriage in Ohio according to code 3105.31 Causes for annulment under the Revised Ohio Statutes:

1. The party seeking annulment was under the age of 18 and failed to receive proper consent from a qualified authority as listed in code 3101.01 Persons who may be joined in marriage—minor to obtain consent.

2. Either spouse was married to a living party during the time of the second marriage.

3. Either spouse was judged as mentally incompetent during the marriage, unless they restored competency during the marriage.

4. The marriage was performed under fraud or the party understands there was fraud after cohabitating.

5. The consent of the marriage was obtained by force.

6. The marriage was never consummated when otherwise valid.

Steps for Annulments of Marriages in Ohio

In order to legally undergo an annulment of marriage in Ohio, the party seeking the annulment must first qualify in one of the factors listed above.  If you have children and property that needs divided, it’s always a good idea to hire an attorney when seeking an annulment of marriage in Ohio.  Follow these steps closely:

1. Fill out court forms: you’ll have to fill out several different forms depending on the grounds of your annulment of marriage in Ohio, and you’ll have to file a petition with the county clerk as well.

2. File the forms with the county clerk: you will have to pay filing fees for every form you submit, and you will have to fill out even more forms if you want to establish temporary forms for child support, spousal support, or other issues within annulments of marriages in Ohio.

3. Serve the forms to the other party: you can have the court send the documents to the second party, you can mail the forms yourself, or you can have an outside party hand over the forms.

4. Set up a court hearing: annulments of marriages in Ohio must have supporting factors hold up in court, and you should hire a lawyer to help you prepare for the trial.

Annulment of Marriage in Michigan

Annulment of Marriage in Michigan

 

Quick Guide to Annulments in Michigan 

 

Annulments of Marriage in Michigan

 

Most laws concerning an annulment of marriage in Michigan are listed under Section 552 of the Michigan Revised Statutes.  Section 552.1 describes the general grounds for annulments of marriages in Michigan: 

 

“…a marriage that is prohibited by law because of consanguinity or affinity between the parties, because either party had a wife or husband living at the time of the solemnization, or because either party was not capable in law of contracting at the time of solemnization is absolutely void.”

 

These grounds for an annulment of marriage in Michigan are extended below: 

 

1. Consanguinity between the spouses is described under 551.3-4 of the MI revised statutes.  A person cannot marry their parent, sibling, grandparent, child, grandchild, stepparent, spouse of grandparent, spouse of child, spouse of grandchild, a cousin, a person of the same sex, or any of the other spouse’s  relatives listed above.  

2. Bigamy is defined under 551.5 of the revised statutes and states that an annulment is required if either spouse was married to another person during the time of the second marriage.  

3. Section 552.39 of the MI revised statutes states that an annulment of marriage in Michigan is required if either party was physically incapable or marrying.  However, this action can only be brought forth for two years following the ceremony.  

 

Annulments of marriages in Michigan may occur for many more reasons, and any of the following sections of MI revised statutes will help determine these factors: 

 

• 552.34 marriage of minor

• 552.37 marriage was forced

• 552.38 marriage was fraudulent 

 

Steps for Annulments of Marriages in Michigan

 

In order to legally undergo an annulment of marriage in Michigan, the party seeking the annulment must first qualify in one of the factors listed above.  If you have children and property that needs divided, it’s always a good idea to hire an attorney when seeking an annulment of marriage in Michigan.  Follow these steps closely:  

 

1. Fill out court forms and : you’ll have to fill out several different forms depending on the grounds of your annulment of marriage in Michigan, and you’ll have to file a petition with the probate court as well.  All of the forms you’ll need for annulments of marriages in Michigan can be located at your local probate court, and you can find links to your local court at the following website:  https://courts.michigan.gov/scao/services/dirs/trialdir.htm 

 

2. File the forms with the clerk : you will have to pay filing fees for every form you submit, and you will have to fill out even more forms if you want to establish temporary forms for child support, spousal support, or other issues within annulments of marriages in Michigan.   

 

3. Serve the forms to the other party : you can have the court send the documents to the second party, you can mail the forms yourself, or you can have an outside party hand over the forms.   

 

4. Set up a court hearing : an annulment of marriage in Michigan must have supporting factors hold up in court, and you should hire a lawyer to help you prepare for the trial.

 

Copy of Marriage License Michigan

Copy of Marriage License Michigan

 

How to Obtain Copies of Marriage Licenses in Michigan 

Receiving a Copy of Marriage License: Michigan

 

There are two ways you can receives copies of marriage licenses in Michigan: you can fill out a simple for and send it to vital records, or you can go to your local county clerk and receive the forms there.  If you want to submit a form to vital records for a copy of marriage license in Michigan, you can download the form at the following link.  

 

After you have completed all the necessary information on the form, you send the form to the following address:  

 

Vital Records Requests (or Vital Records RUSH if you need the form quickly)

PO Box 30721

Lansing, MI 48909

 

If you want to obtain copies of marriage licenses in Michigan through your county court, follow the directions in the section listed below.  

 

Step 1: Visit your Probate Court

 

The first step to obtaining copies of marriage licenses in Michigan is calling or traveling to the county court in your jurisdiction.  A list of local courts in Michigan is provided with the link below.  

 

Some counties give you the option to send in a request by mail, but many courts require you to show proper identification in person with the clerk.  If you do have the option to send in a request through the mail, make sure you follow all of the steps listed below very carefully.  

 

Step 2: Bring all Necessary Items for copies of marriage licenses in Michigan

 

You’ll want to bring the following items with you in order to obtain the copy of marriage license in Michigan:

 

 Identification: Michigan law requires you to bring your driver’s license, birth certificate, U.S. passport, military ID car, or your Social Security number.  You won’t have to bring all these items, but you will need at least one so the clerk can verify your identity.

 

 Divorce Decree: If you were in another marriage and went through a divorce, you’ll need to bring a copy of the divorce decree with you to the county clerk.  The same rules apply for obtaining copies of marriage licenses in Michigan if you are a widow.  

 

Step 3 Pay the Fee for the Copy of Marriage License in Michigan

 

In order to obtain the first copy of marriage license in Michigan, you’ll usually have to pay $26 for the first copy you receive—and this fee may range from county to county.  For more copies of marriage licenses in Michigan, you’ll only have to pay $12 for each, and there are other fees associated with how fast you need the form.   

 

Because fees may range in the state of Michigan from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, you’ll want to call the clerk and ask them about the fees so you can properly prepare.  The county clerk is not allowed to verify a copy of marriage license in Michigan if you fail to bring a valid form of identification or the proper amounts of payment. 

Marriage Certificate Michigan

Marriage Certificate Michigan

 

 

How to Obtain Marriage Certificate in Michigan

 

 

Marriage Certificates: Michigan

 

 

In order to receive a marriage certificate in Michigan, two people will have to meet a variety of qualifications, go through a number of steps to obtain and return the document, and make sure a marriage is solemnized in a certain amount of time.  You’ll find all necessary information about a marriage certificate in Michigan in this article.  

 

 

Qualifying Factors for Marriage Certificates in Michigan

 

 

In order for a marriage to hold validity under state law and receive a marriage certificate in Michigan, the marriage cannot be listed under any of the following violations:  

 

 

• the marriage was between minors without proper consent

 

 

• there was insanity or a party was physically incapacitated to consummate 

 

 

• the marriage was forced or a result of fraud

 

 

• there was bigamy involved

 

 

• the marriage was a same sex marriage 

 

 

• either party has a known sexually transmitted disease and didn’t notify the spouse 

 

 

• there is consanguinity involved 

 

 

• the marriage was solemnized illegally by an unqualified person

 

 

There are a number of steps you’ll have to take after you meet qualifying factors for marriage certificates in Michigan.  These steps are listed below:

 

 

Step 1: Contact the County Clerk

 

 

In order to receive marriage certificates in Michigan, couples must contact the county clerk and travel to the office with a valid government forms of identification, their birth certificates, and the correct amount of funds for associated fees that will range from county to county in Michigan.  A list of county court information is located at the following link.  

 

 

Step 2: Obtain Divorce Records if Necessary

 

 

If you have been divorced or widowed within the state of Michigan in the last six months, you will need to submit a divorce decree to the county court that indicates the divorce is official.  You’ll want to plan to receive the divorce forms as soon as possible so there is no chance the marriage certificate in Michigan will expire.    

 

 

Step 3: Make sure the marriage certificates in Michigan do not expire

 

 

The marriage certificate in Michigan will only be valid for 30 days, and you will have to wait at least three days to get married under MI law.  If the marriage ceremony has not occurred 30 days after the form was issued, you will have to apply for another marriage certificate in Michigan.  

 

 

Step 4: Make sure the marriage is solemnized by a certified individual

 

 

Marriage certificates in Michigan are only valid if witnessed by a legal authority under the Michigan Revised Statutes.  For information on who may legally solemnize marriages in Michigan, visit 551.7 of the Revised Statutes at the following link.  

 

 

Step 5: Return the Authorized Marriage Certificate in Michigan to your County Court

 

 

The person who solemnized the marriage will record their name on marriage certificates in Michigan, and the state will verify the person was legally allowed to solemnize the marriage  After the marriage certificate in Michigan is signed you will have to return the form to the court you received the document from.  

 

 

If you a state citizen, marriage certificates in Michigan are obtained from the county you live in.  If you are not a state citizen, you obtain the document from the county you wish to get married in.  

 

 

Copy of Marriage License Georgia

Copy of Marriage License Georgia

Copy of Marriage License Georgia

A of the marriage license in Georgia is a legal document that is issued by the state to formally certify that two individuals have legally gotten married. The document serves as proof of the marriage and is important for various purposes.

Understanding the Importance of Marriage License in Georgia

A marriage license is a crucial document that is required when getting married in the state of Georgia. The document grants the couple the legal right to wed and is necessary for any further legal and financial processes, such as applying for a joint checking account, filing taxes jointly, or creating a will with a spouse as the beneficiary.

Furthermore, the marriage license serves as evidence of the marriage for various official purposes, such as obtaining a passport, medical benefits, and Social Security benefits.

Obtaining a of Marriage License Georgia

In the state of Georgia, obtaining a of a marriage license can be done in several ways. Here are the different methods for securing a of the marriage license:

– Via mail

Residents and former residents of Georgia may request a of a marriage license by mail. To do so, you must send a written request to the Vital Records Office, along with a certified check or money order to cover processing fees. Include the following information with your request:

– Full name of the husband and wife
– Date of marriage
– Place of marriage
– Purpose of the request
– Contact information, including your phone number, mailing address, and email address

– In person

Georgia residents may also obtain a of the marriage license in person by visiting a county probate court. You must present valid identification and pay the applicable fees.

– Online

Georgia also offers the option of ordering a of the marriage license online through VitalChek, an authorized service provider for the Georgia Department of Public Health.

After the couple has been granted the marriage license, the marriage must be designated by an officiant or minister who has been authorized by the state of Georgia to perform weddings.

Updating Your Name After Marriage

Once you are married, you may decide to change your name. If so, you must update all of your legal documents, identification, and financial accounts to reflect your new name.

Here are some steps that you can take to change your name legally after marriage:

1. Obtain a certified of your marriage license

The first thing you need to do is obtain a certified of your marriage license from the Vital Records Office in the state of Georgia.

2. Update your Social Security information

After obtaining a of your marriage license, you need to update your name with the Social Security Administration. You can do this by visiting your local Social Security Administration office in person or filling out an application online.

3. Change your driver’s license

Next, you need to update your driver’s license with your new name. Visit your local Georgia Department of Driver Services office with a certified of your marriage license, as well as your current driver’s license and proof of residency.

4. Update your passport

If you have a passport, you need to change your name in your passport to reflect your new name. You will need to submit form DS-5504, along with a certified of your marriage license, to the Department of State.

5. Update your bank accounts, credit cards, and other financial accounts

After updating your legal identification, you must update all of your financial accounts to reflect your new name. This includes bank accounts, credit cards, loans, and investments.

In conclusion, obtaining a of the marriage license in Georgia is a necessary and important step for those who wish to marry and start a life together. After obtaining the marriage license, couples may need to change their legal name for various reasons, and it’s essential to follow the correct procedure to ensure that all legal documents and identifications reflect the new name.


Obtaining a Copy of Marriage License in Georgia 

Copies of Marriage Licenses in Georgia

If you need to simply obtain a copy of a marriage license, you can visit your local probate court with the required amount of identification and the associated fees.   If you need a copy of marriage license in Georgia for solemnization yet to occur, you’ll need to follow all of the steps in this article and under GA official code.

Steps to Obtain Copy of Marriage License in Georgia

It’s important to follow all of these steps for obtaining copies of marriage licenses attentively and on time.  If you need more information on the procedure for receiving a copy of marriage license in Georgia.

Step 1

The first step for copies of marriage licenses in Georgia is visiting the appropriate probate court.  If one spouse has residency in Georgia, the two spouses can receive a copy at any probate court in the state.  For a complete list of all probate courts in Georgia.

You’ll have to bring a completed application, required photo identification, and all associated fees to the probate court.  The application should meet the requirements of O.C.G.A Section 19-3-33 Application for marriage license; contents; supplement marriage report.

Step 2

Before receiving copies of marriage licenses in Georgia, two people must meet legal requirements.  Although blood test are longer required, the state still recommends that two spouses undergo a blood test before receiving a copy of marriage in Georgia.

Also, the marriage cannot qualify as invalid in the state of GA.  All of the conditions listed below declare the marriage as invalid:

• a parent has married a child, a parent has married a stepchild, a grandparent has married a grandchild, or an aunt or uncle has married their nephew or niece

• either party did not have mental capacity during the contract

• either party was under 16 when they entered the marriage

• either party was forced into the marriage

• either party entered into the contract using fraud

• there was bigamy

You can contact the local probate court for all required documents and qualifications for a copy of marriage license in Georgia, and you can also research statutes that directly apply to the issuance of a marriage license.  Most of the laws that address copies of marriage licenses in Georgia are located under Article 2 of Chapter 19 of the official codes—specifically Sections 19-3-30 through 19-3-49.

Step 3

Premarital Education Program

If you are filing for copies of marriage licenses in Georgia, you may be exempt from the fee if you completed six hours of premarital education 12 months before the application for a marriage license.  In order to qualify for the exemptions of fees for a copy of marriage license in Georgia, the premarital education must be performed by one of the following:

• professional counselor, social workers, or marriage therapist

• a psychiatrist qualified under Chapter 34, Title 43 of the official code

• a psychologist qualified under Chapter 39, Title 43

• active member of clergy experienced in premarital education

Annulment of Marriage in Georgia

Annulment of Marriage in Georgia

Annulment of Marriage in Georgia: A Comprehensive Guide

Marriage is a sacred institution that is intended to last a lifetime but sometimes things don’t go as planned. Sometimes, after the joy and happiness of the wedding day fades away, some couples may realize that they made a mistake and wish to nullify the marriage. When this occurs, the legal dissolution of the marriage can be achieved through a divorce, but in some instances where the marriage is voidable at law, a separate legal action called an annulment may be an option.

Annulment of marriage is a legal procedure in Georgia that declares a marriage null and void, as if it never existed, thereby leaving the parties to the marriage in the same legal position as they were before the marriage. An annulment is different from a divorce in that a divorce terminates a valid marriage whereas an annulment is retroactive and considers the marriage invalid from the beginning.

If you’re considering an annulment of your marriage in Georgia, here is what you need to know:

Grounds for Annulment in Georgia

In Georgia, a court will only grant an annulment of marriage if one or more of the following grounds exist, as provided for under O.C.G.A. § 19-3-3:

· Bigamy: A spouse is already married to someone else at the time of marriage.

· Mental incapacity: One or both parties lacked the mental capacity to consent to the marriage or to understand its nature and consequences.

· Fraud: One spouse got married under false pretenses or misrepresentations, which if known by the other party, would have resulted in the other party not entering into the marriage.

· Duress: One spouse got married under threats or coercion.

· Incest: The parties are closely related and cannot be legally married under Georgia law.

· Impotence: One spouse is unable to consummate the marriage by sexual intercourse.

It’s important to note that in Georgia, unlike many states, there is no time limit to file for an annulment based on any of these grounds. So, whether you’ve been married for a month or for several years, you can still pursue an annulment of marriage.

Procedures for Annulment in Georgia

The annulment of a marriage in Georgia is similar to the process of ending a marriage through divorce. Here are the basic steps involved:

· File a petition: The process of annulment begins by filing a “Petition for Annulment” in the Superior Court of the county where you or your spouse reside. The petition must clearly state the grounds for obtaining an annulment.

· Serve the other party: Once the petition is filed, you must serve the other party with a of the petition and a summons to appear in court. If the other party cannot be located, publication may be necessary.

· Court hearing: After the other party has had a chance to respond to the petition, the court will hold a hearing to determine whether grounds for annulment exist. At the hearing, each party will have an opportunity to present evidence in support of their position.

· Final order: If the court determines that one or more grounds for annulment exist, it will issue a final order declaring the marriage null and void. The court may also issue orders relating to issues such as property division, support and custody, though this will depend on the circumstances of the case.

Effect of An Annulment in Georgia

When a court grants an annulment in Georgia, the marriage is considered to be null and void from the beginning, as if it never existed. This means that the parties are free to marry someone else immediately. An annulment also has the following effects:

· Property rights: When a marriage is annulled, the parties are returned to their legal position existed prior to the marriage. Each person keeps their own property and neither spouse is entitled to spousal support, also known as alimony, from the other.

· Custody and support: If there are children from the annulled marriage, a separate custody and support proceeding may be required to determine the appropriate arrangements for the children.

· Cohabitation and Children: In Georgia, even though the marriage itself is declared void, if the parties lived together as husband and wife or if children were born as a result of the union, the rules of equitable distribution and child support may still apply. These are often determined on a case by case basis and can be complicated.

· No waiting period: Unlike a divorce, there is no waiting period for an annulment in Georgia. Once a judge has signed the final order of annulment, the marriage is immediately terminated.

Conclusion

Annulment of a marriage in Georgia is a legal way to have a marriage declared null and void. However, the process can be complicated, and the grounds for annulment are limited in nature. You should always consult with a qualified family law attorney in Georgia to determine the best course of action for your specific circumstances. It is also a good idea to read up on Georgia family law, which can be found on the Georgia state website. While the process for an annulment of marriage in Georgia can be different for each case, it is important to remember that the outcome can be life-altering.


Quick Guide to Annulments in Georgia 

Laws for Annulments of Marriages in Georgia

Laws concerning the annulment of marriage in Georgia are listed under Chapter 19 of the GA official code.  There are several sections that address the topic of annulment, and the state of Georgia is somewhat strict on annulments compared to other states.  According to Section 19-4-1 of the official code:

“Annulments of marriages [in Georgia] declared void by law may be granted by the superior court, except that annulments may not be granted in instances where children are born or are to be born as a result of the marriage.”

If the cohabitation of the parents is in the best interests of the child or future child, a court may not grant an annulment of marriage in Georgia.  Yet, these cases are rare, and courts will usually grant an annulment of marriage in Georgia in the following cases according to Section 19-3-2 of the official code:

• a parent has married a child, a parent has married a stepchild, a grandparent has married a grandchild, or an aunt or uncle has married their nephew or niece

• either party did not have mental capacity during the contract

• either party was under 16 when they entered the marriage

• either party was forced into the marriage

• either party entered into the contract using fraud

• there was bigamy

Steps for Annulments of Marriages in Georgia

In order to legally undergo an annulment of marriage in Georgia, the party seeking the annulment must first qualify in one of the factors listed above.  If the parties have children and property that needs divided, it’s always a good idea to hire an attorney when seeking an annulment of marriage in Georgia.  Follow these steps closely:

1. Fill out court forms: you’ll have to fill out several different forms depending on the grounds of your annulment of marriage in Michigan, and you’ll have to file a petition with your county’s superior court as well.  All of the forms you’ll need for annulments of marriages in Georgia can be found under the southern judicial circuit in GA

2. File the forms with the clerk: you will have to pay filing fees for every form you submit, and you will have to fill out even more forms if you want to establish temporary forms for child support, spousal support, or other issues within annulments of marriages in Georgia.  For a complete list of all superior courts in GA.

3. Serve the forms to the other party: you can have the court send the documents for the annulment of marriage in Georgia to the second party, you can mail the forms yourself, or you can have an outside party hand over the forms.

4. Set up a court hearing: annulments of marriage in Georgia must have supporting factors hold up in court, and you should hire a lawyer to help you prepare for the trial.

Annulment of Marriage in North Carolina

Annulment of Marriage in North Carolina

Annulment of Marriage in North Carolina

Marriage is a sacred institution, and it is often entered into with the expectations of a lifetime commitment. However, sometimes things do not work out as planned, and couples end up seeking alternatives to dissolve their marriages. One of these alternatives is annulment, a legal procedure that declares a marriage null and void. This article will explore the annulment of marriage in North Carolina, its grounds, and the legal process involved in obtaining an annulment.

What is Annulment?

Annulment is the legal process of declaring a marriage null and void, meaning that the marriage was never legally valid in the first place. It is different from a divorce, which terminates a legally valid marriage. Annulment is not available in all cases, and it is not automatically granted even if the parties agree to it. Annulment is granted only if certain legal grounds are met.

Grounds for Annulment in North Carolina

North Carolina recognizes seven legal grounds for annulment. To obtain an annulment, the marriage must have been invalid from the beginning due to one of the following reasons:

1. Consanguinity – the parties are close blood relatives.

2. Bigamy – one of the parties was married to another person at the time of the marriage.

3. Impotence – one of the parties was unable to consummate the marriage due to physical or psychological reasons.

4. Duress – one of the parties was forced into the marriage against their will.

5. Fraud – one of the parties was deceived into the marriage due to something of material importance, such as the intended spouse’s true identity or financial situation.

6. Mental incapacity – one of the parties lacked the mental capacity to consent to the marriage at the time it was entered into, either due to mental illness, drug or alcohol abuse, or some other reason.

7. Underage marriage – one or both of the parties were under the age of 16 at the time of the marriage.

It is important to note that the legal grounds for annulment in North Carolina are narrow, and not all marriages that are unhappy or short-lived qualify for an annulment. The burden of proof is on the party seeking the annulment to show the court that the marriage was invalid from the beginning due to one of the above reasons.

Legal Procedure for Annulment

The legal procedure for annulment in North Carolina is similar to that of a divorce. The party seeking the annulment must file a petition in the district court in the county where they reside or where the marriage took place. The petition must state the legal grounds for annulment and provide evidence to support them.

After the petition is filed, the other party has the opportunity to file a response, either agreeing or disagreeing with the grounds for annulment. If they disagree, they must provide evidence to support their position.

In some cases, the court may hold a hearing to decide whether to grant the annulment. The party seeking annulment has the burden of proving that the marriage was invalid from the beginning. If the court grants the annulment, the marriage is deemed never to have existed, and the parties’ legal rights and obligations are determined accordingly.

Effects of Annulment

Annulment has several legal effects that are different from divorce. If annulment is granted, it is as if the marriage never existed in the eyes of the law. The parties’ legal rights and obligations are determined based on this premise. For example, property acquired during the marriage is not subject to the same division as in a divorce. Instead, it is treated as if it was acquired before the marriage and is owned by the individual who acquired it.

Furthermore, annulment does not qualify the parties for spousal support or alimony, as the marriage is considered to have never existed. However, child support and custody arrangements are still determined in the same manner as in a divorce, based on the best interests of the child.

Conclusion

Annulment of marriage is a legal alternative to divorce that should be considered carefully. In North Carolina, the legal grounds for annulment are narrow and must be proven by the party seeking the annulment. It is worth noting that annulment has several different legal effects than divorce, and it is important to understand these differences before proceeding with an annulment. If you are considering an annulment or have questions about the process, it is recommended to seek the advice of a knowledgeable family law attorney in North Carolina.


Quick Guide to North Carolina Annulments

Annulments of Marriages in North Carolina

Most laws for an annulment of Marriages in North Carolina are located in Chapter 51 of the state’s statutes.  This section will mainly reference sections 51-3 and 51-2.1, but there are other statutes that may prove helpful in an annulment of Marriages in North Carolina.

Chapter 51-3 Want of capacity; void and voidable marriages provides the basic grounds for annulments of Marriages in North Carolina.  Generally, marriages are voidable in the state of NC upon the following conditions:

1. the marriage was between two people closer in relation that first cousins or double first cousins

2. either spouse was under the age of 16 during the marriage (except in limited circumstances)

3. either spouse had another husband or wife during the second marriage

4. either spouse was physically impotent

5. either spouse was mentally incompetent during the marriage

As mentioned in number 2, some annulments of Marriages in North Carolina for a person marrying under the age of 16 may not classify as voidable in some circumstances.  Chapter 51-2.1 states that person can marry under the age of 16, but not below 14, if the woman is pregnant and both sets of parents agree the marriage would serve the best interests of the child.

Steps for Annulments of Marriages in North Carolina

In order to legally undergo an annulment of Marriages in North Carolina, the party seeking the annulment must first qualify in one of the factors listed above.  If you have children and property that needs divided, it’s always a good idea to hire an attorney when seeking an annulment of Marriages in North Carolina.  Follow these steps closely:

1. Fill out court forms: you’ll have to fill out several different forms depending on the grounds of your annulment of Marriages in North Carolina, and you’ll have to file a petition with the family court jurisdiction in which you reside.  All of the forms you’ll need for annulments of Marriages in North Carolina can be located at your local Family court.

2. File the forms with the clerk: you will have to pay filing fees for every form you submit, and you will have to fill out even more forms if you want to establish temporary orders for child support, spousal support, or other issues within annulments of Marriages in North Carolina.

3. Serve the forms to the other party: you can have the court send the documents to the second party, you can mail the forms yourself, or you can have an outside party hand over the forms.

4. Set up a court hearing: an annulment of Marriages in North Carolina must have supporting factors hold up in court, and you should hire a lawyer to help you prepare for the trial.

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